Genetic Modification ( Gm ) - 1619 Words

Genetic modification (GM) is the use of modern biotechnology techniques to change the genes of an organism such as plants or animals. No one is permitted to deal with a genetically modified organism (GMO) in Australia unless the Australian Gene Technology Regulator has determined that the GMO is safe to human health and the surrounding environment. As the world’s population continues to increase and is expected to double within the next few years, the world’s demand for food and fibre has increased drastically. GM foods and fibres seem to be the only means for a solution to provide for the high demand in which we now face. (Agric.wa.gov.au, 2014) Many foods in Australia contain GMO’s including Cereals, non-organic dairy products, papayas, bread, rice, potatoes, corn and many more. Genetic modification of foods and fibres includes inserting genes from one organism into another. The purpose of this is to modify the genetic code in animals and plants to make them resistant to pests or farming techniques such as being soaked with chemicals that would normally kill them or even just to make the plants and animals more productive. (Leigh Erin Connealy, 2013) If an organism is genetically modified it can be breed or crossed with another organism whether it’s GM or non-GM. Reproduction techniques such as cloning which is done through asexual reproduction or selective breeding and hybrids can be used to breed the genetic modification from the parents into the offspring eitherShow MoreRelatedGenetic Modification ( Gm )1501 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Genetic modification (GM) is the use of modern biotechnology techniques to change the genes of an organism such as plants or animals. No one is permitted to deal with a genetically modified organism (GMO) in Australia unless the Australian Gene Technology Regulator has determined that the GMO is safe to human health and the surrounding environment. As the world’s population continues to increase and is expected to double within the next few years, the world’s demand for food and fibreRead MoreIndividuals Educated in Biology or Who Are Health Conscious Are Opposed to the Genetic Modification of Foods1324 Words   |  6 PagesGenetically modified foods are food products that have had their genetic make-up altered or changed using various genetic engineering techniques. This includes inserting foreign DNA in to an organism in order to introduce favourable traits or enhancing, altering or removing existing features of organisms. These are techniques that do not occur natur ally in the environment and therefore GM is capable of creating the â€Å"ideal† organism. GM is used for various reasons but is usually advantageous to someone;Read MoreThe Biological And Physiological Mechanisms Of Action, Regulation Of Gene Expression, And Safety Of The Gene1277 Words   |  6 Pages　　Transgenic or Genetically Modified (GM) crops are plants used in agriculture that have been genetically modified using recombinant DNA technology. The aim for GM plants/crops is to express a gene or a trait that is not found in the species of the plant. The scientist that modify the plants insert a foreign gene into the plant’s original DNA. As a result to the modification, the plant receives characteristics within the genetic code. Most, GM plants become resistant to pesticides, however thereRead MoreThe Health Impacts Of Eating Foods1108 Words   |  5 Pagespossessed the tools for crafting a better world. Where love, compassion, altruism and justice have failed, genetic manipulation will not succeed. Gina Maranto, Quest for Perfection. Genetic modification (GM) uses the method of genetic engineering, to manually add new DNA to an organism. With genetic modification one or more new traits are added to the organism that is not present. This modification is either advantageous to the producer or consumer. Food is genetically modified to give or take specificRead MoreThe Effects Of Genetic Modification On The Environment And The Human Race1475 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough many oppose the genetic modification of crops, genetic modification also poses an opportunity to lower the price of crops and increase production, which could help solve world hunger. While it may seem like negative effects would be outweighed by the possibility of solving world hunger, an important issue, the conceivably detrimental effects on the health of the environment and the human race would outweigh the humanitarian goal of stopping world hunger. Genetic modification of crops is not theRead MoreMaize : A Crop From Central America1272 Words   |  6 Pagesinto Asia and Africa, where it remains a staple food for 50% of low income households (IITA 2009). Maize was first genetically modified in Canada in 1997, and was approved for use in Europe in the same year, and growing of GM Maize began in Spain in 1997 (GMO 2016). In 1997, as GM Maize was first produced, the European Union introduced mandatory laws on the labelling of all genetically modified products (Shireen, 2013). As genetically modified crops began to grow, the market experienced losses as concernsRead MoreThe Harm of Genetically Modified Organisms Essay1030 Words   |  5 PagesThe Harm of Genetically Modified Organisms Genetic Modification is when the genetic make-up of a living organism is altered (1). This can be done by changing an existing section of DNA or by inserting a new gene (4). Genetic Modification began in the late 1970’s (6). It can be used between different species for example from a plant to a human or an animal to a human. It is often used to enhance the flavour of foods as well as to improve the size and quantity of foodsRead MoreGenetically Modified Crops Are A Hazard Of Human Health1477 Words   |  6 Pageshealth, while others see the advantages of GM farming. There is a great amount of hesitation when people hear the terms â€Å"antibiotic resistance† and â€Å"contamination† when it involves their food. These terms are taken out of context and without a proper understanding of their role in plant genetics, can create fallacies. Genetically modified crops are in fact a negligible risk when it comes to human health. Biotechnology, transgenic crops, and genetic modification are words and phrases being thrown aroundRead MoreGenetically Modified Food ( Gm Food ) Essay1464 Words   |  6 Pagesone of the major problem faced by the present world. Genetically modified food (GM Food) is the solution offered by our scientific community to cope with this problem.The food produced on a massive scale, by direct or indirect involvement of genetically manipulated organisms is called genetically modified food. Advancement of Biotechnology resulted in a novel method of artificial genetic manipulation called Genetic engineering. It is primarily based on recombinant DNA technology. It is this technologyRead MoreGenetically And Genetically Modified Organisms1447 Words   |  6 Pagesbegun to come under public scrutiny. Out of these issues, none are more controversial than the use of GMOs, or Genetically Modified Organisms. Since its first use in 1973, genetic modification has been applied to almost every crop imaginable. Countless fields of beans, rice, and corn have become subject to genetic modification as more and more farmers begin to realize the benefits of growing â€Å"super† plants. With so little drawbacks and so many advantages, it is easy to see why GMOs are as widespread

The Effects Of Low High Levels Of Alcohol During Pregnancy

It is recognized that children of mothers who consume high levels of alcohol during pregnancy are at risk of developing disorders, the most common, the fetal alcohol syndrome. The effects of low to moderate alcohol are uncertain, however, they may have similar negative outcomes and cause cognitive deficits and conduct problems, particularly in early childhood. It is imperative to know the possible consequences and the extent of the consequences, especially because some women consume it often before becoming aware they are pregnant. The most critical times in development is when the fetus is in the womb of the mother. The fetus is at risk of harm of the things the mom consumes and is exposed to. Teratogens can especially do harm. They are†¦show more content†¦According to Murray and colleagues (Burgess, Zuccolo, Hickman, Gray, Lewis, 2016), those mothers who did drink the six units had children who were later at risk of developing conduct problems, such as lying, stealing, a nd other aggressive behaviors. This is particularly seen in development of early-onset conduct problems from ages four to thirteen, which isn t true for the children of mothers who did not drink. During pregnancy women completed weekly questionnaires asking about their alcohol consumption, and when their children were older reported any possible conduct problems. A similar study done by Kilburn, T. R., Eriksen, H. F., Underbjerg, M., Thorsen, P., Mortensen, E. L., Landrà ¸, N.I., Kesmodel, U. S. (2015) tested preschoolers’ choice reaction time and information processing time. On a computer they were shown images of animals for a certain amount of seconds and had to press a green key for â€Å"yes†, meaning the animal was previously shown, or a red button for â€Å"no†, it was not shown. Although there was no difference in information processing time between children of mothers who drank and those who did not, the number of correct answers shown from the choice reaction time shows there is a possible correlation with the mother’s alcohol consumption during pregnancy, but only with binge drinking. Additionally, I.Q was measured using the Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children in eight year old kids. Although the I.Q scores were slightly lower than those ofShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Air Pollution On Reproductive Health1376 Words   |  6 Pagesknown as Teratogens. Teratogens can stop the pregnancy outright, or in cases of full term pregnancies, cause birth defects to the child. Some categories of teratogens are environmental and subjective teratogens. Environmental teratogens relate to environmental factors that cause birth defects or termination of a pregnancy. Subjective teratogens are substances in which the mother consumes that cause defects to the child or also termination of a pregnancy. Substances such as air pollution, pesticidesRead MoreEssay On Maternal Drinking In Aotearoa1097 Words   |  5 Pagesaffected by FASD is in the thousands. McLeod, Pullon, Cookson, Cornford (2002) study, concluded that a quarter of pregnant New Zealand women had consumed alcohol at twenty-four weeks. Further, the 2007/08 New Zealand Alcohol and Drug Use Survey found that one in four pregnant women reported having consumed alcohol at some point throughout pregnancy (Ministry of Health, 2010). However, studies in the United States suggest that the prevalence of FASD to be a conservative 1% in Aotearoa. These resultsRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol Abuse During Pregnancy1552 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The Council on Recovery, plans to address the issue of alcohol abuse during pregnancy in Harris county, TX with behavioral and cognitive-based education interventions. According to the CDC, pregnant women with the highest prevalence of any alcohol use were those that are 35-44 years of age, college graduates, or not married with lifetime-care costs estimated at over $2 million. The CDC also reports the state of Texas has 45% of any alcohol use among women aged 18-44 and 14.8% of the same age groupRead MoreEssay on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome1598 Words   |  7 Pagespregnant women drinks heavily during her pregnancy? It can lead to permanent, irreversible and incurable effects that will bring a lifetime of pain for both the child and the family. These permanent and unchangeable effects arise from a fetus attaining fetal alcohol syndrome from its mother. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a pattern of malformations and disabilities resulting from a pregnant woman drinking heavily during her pregnancy. FAS is unique in that effects on the children are directlyRead More Alcohol And The Fetus Essay1518 Words   |  7 Pages Know When to Say When nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Drinking during pregnancy is often thought of as no big deal. However, drinking during pregnancy is a very big deal. An unborn baby’s life is in the hands of the mother. If she decides to drink, she is risking the unborn’s chances of being as smart and healthy as it can be. Drinking during pregnancy opens the doors to a variety of harmful effects on the mother and her unborn baby, and until this is brought out in the open with honesty, it cannotRead MoreHow Substance Abuse Negatively Affects The Baby While During1328 Words   |  6 PagesHow substance abuse negatively affects the baby while during a woman’s pregnancy. Many women across the world cause complications to their unborn child when they choose to abuse substance. There are many types of substance abuse such as alcohol, tobacco, and drug abuse. Most likely when women choose to engage in these types of activities it causes harm to the child and birth defects. Long term and short term deformities and conditions are present in the child. Other factors play a part into whyRead MorePrenatal Development And Development Of A Fetus1591 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopment, also known as antenatal development, is the process of the development of a human fetus during pregnancy, from fertilization of the egg until the birth of the child. There are many factors that can contribute to the development of the fetus and many threats that can impact it. Most prenatal development occurs in a normal manner, however; there are many things that can go wrong during this vulnerable time and usually are caused by genetic or environmental factors. While the hazards thatRead MorePrenatal Alcohol Exposure And Childhood Behavior At Age 6822 Words   |  4 PagesSood, B. Delaney-Black, V. (2001). Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Childhood Behavior at Age 6 to 7 Years: I. Dose- Response Effect. Research Question. The main research question proposed in this study: 1) does alcohol affect children prenatally. The hypothesis that researchers draw is if there are adverse effects of children who were exposed to a low dosage of alcohol at the age of 6 to 7 years of age. This study wanted to find the amount of alcohol it would take for children to exhibit problemRead MoreNo Teratogens During Pregancy Essay1169 Words   |  5 Pagesthe fetus. At that stage in the pregnancy the egg has already been fertilized and attached to the uterus. This is known as the embryonic stage where if health isn’t a priority complications can occur. At this point the mother and embryo share a common blood supply therefore anything the mother does affects the embryo. This is also the stage in which most miscarriages occur. There are numerous teratogens but two common tasks involving teratogens are drinking alcohol and smoking. The first activityRead MoreThe Truth About What Alcohol Abuse Does to a Fetus1118 Words   |  5 PagesThe Truth About Fetal Alcohol Abuse Would you have ever thought of physically, mentally, and/or emotionally harming an unborn child? In the 1990s people have noted the significant impact alcohol-related birth defects are having on our society then and now. My essay will discuss alcohol consumption among pregnant women and its adverse effects on fetal development. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome or FAS is physical and mental health problem that destroys a childs learning development.

Manufactured Crisis Myths, Fraud, and the Attack Free Essays

Manufactured Crisis: Myths, Fraud, and the Attack on America’s Public Schools is an illustrative work by Berliner, an educational psychologist, and Biddle, a social psychologist, unfolds the the popualr myths about American school education that are prevalent in the American society.   It further explain the background of the creation of these myth and refute the popular beliefs on various grounds.He is of the view thatr since the publication of A Nation at Risk (1983), American society has fabricated various popular myths about their scholl educational system. We will write a custom essay sample on Manufactured Crisis: Myths, Fraud, and the Attack or any similar topic only for you Order Now He further narrates the nature of these beliefs and says that there are several distinct types of popular myths i.e. failure of Aemrican school system in general, declin in the college students’ performance   and the comparative failure to keep up with their fallow students in   advanced European and Asian countries measured against the developed parameters, better performance of private schools as compared with public schools, too much resource allocation for education but net result is not worth that spending and threat to American future due to the failure of these public school system. Berliner and Biddle consider these allegation as mere speculations and fabrication that has no real grounds. The arguments provided innthe books are not subjective and indivduals speculation but Berliner and Biddle’s arguments are developed by close analysis and interpretation of the data and decoding high-sounding polemical pronouncements. The pronouncements of these prominent scholars are based on quite fair assumptions and they closely assess the data to prove their points. The strength of their findings can be illustrated by the continuous advice offered to reader to aassess their findings on parameters they used for other contemporary educational critics who created the above-mentioned myths. At the very start, the book looks into the hidden agendas and motives of some distinguished educational critics and tries to pocate the reasons for that. The authors depict that by manufacturing some myth about the public sector school system, these scolars and intellectiauals serve the vested interests of pro-privatization groups. Berliner and Biddle further assersts in the past the assualt on public schools came from the same pro-privatization groups. They provide comprehensive data and manifest that all these attacks were repleted with fabricated myths faradulent assertions about the disadvantages of American Public School System. Berliner and Biddle illustrates that in reality this manufactured viewpoint is an epitome of organized malevolence that only serves the interests of some vested group in the education sector.And this creationof myth has deluded American nation about the true state of public school system and their triumphs for the last two decades. The fabrication of these myths need lobbying abd subtle penetration into the minds and psychology of the Amerrican people. Berliner and Biddle affirm that this viewpoint has been extensively propogated influential people within the govermental sector and outside, who â€Å"were pursuing a political agenda designed to weaken the nation’s public schools, redistribute support for those schools so that privileged students are favored over needy students, or even abolish those schools altogether† (p. xii). Berliner and Biddle again reinforce the idea that provision of education to a diverse population on the mass scale is only possible through these public schools amd its structure is far more developed than depicted by the authors of manufactured realities. The intial chapters reveals the deceitfuil statements about the accomplishments and aptitudes of American students. They further explores the myths associated with huge spendings on the educations and its results. It further narrates the chrateristics of public school systems that are apprehensible to the critics of public schools. These chapter further illustrates the misapprehension in the mind of general public and root causes of prevalent public dissatisfaction with public education. Berliner and Biddle discloses that these critics intentionally disregard the   accomplishments of these public schools and only portrays the social and educational problems associted with these institutes. In the proceeding chapters, the authors analyze the mtives behind these manufactured criticism and dilemmas attributed to public school system.   Berliner and Biddle display that this criticism is dine in a subtle way but in response they do not put the blame of the critics and their believers but put social forces under allegations.They further appraise the suggestions of these critics for educational reforms of this system as poorply formulated ideas. The next chapter provide a cpmprehensive assessment of the real dilemmas faced by American educational system. Considers authtentic and productive criticism beneficial for public school system in particular and American educational sector in general but they further note that criticism to serve particular interets has also long tradition in the education sector. Berliner and Biddle note that there has been a long tradition of criticizing. They not only identifies the manufactured myths but also proves these myths as fake and fabricated with the help of data collected through various means. They further seek solutions to the real problems faced by the public schools in America. This book also considers the five Bracey reports on public education published annually by Phi Delta Kappan since 1991 and the 1994 PDK/Gallup poll as essential indicators of the realities about American School systems. Berliner and Biddle’s main focus was the manufactured crisis produced by various educational critics to undermine American Public school system and erosion of a sense of loss these manufactured myths has produced in the minds of American citizens about their educational system but thet further eloborated the various authentic criticism and suggested that the recommendation of these studies must be implemented to improve the system. They include their own recommendations in that list and says that the comiited forces together with appropriate educational research and compassion can eliminate this crisis and will mold it into success. For the above-mentioned reasons and others, The Manufactured Crisis is an well0doumented and illustrative work that can capacitate those who committed for the excellance in American school system to work in a more productive and reponsible way. Rerefences Berliner and Biddle.( 1995.) The Manufactured Crisis: Myths, Fraud, and the Attack on America’s Public Schools. Addison Wesley. How to cite Manufactured Crisis: Myths, Fraud, and the Attack, Essay examples

Essential Encouraging a Systematic Thinkingâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: How Essential Encouraging A Systematic Thinking? Answer: Introduction Rational of the report In the process of completing our course, we were encouraged to do our evaluations on the progress of our learning, an assignment that required as having a group discussion. The objective of the group discussion was to give us a clear understanding on the impact information literacy practice has on our professional development. We decided on the use of Johari Window Model of understanding the self as the framework of choice. This paper hence demonstrates the need for a reflective practice and the value it added on our learning process within the group. This report is thus identifying a number of benefits the reflective practice had as well as the implications if the discussion to the individual learning process, an aspects that supports active reflection often lead to positive changes in the attitude of the learners as well as their behavior according to Harrison (2010, p.638). The report hence adopts the use of Gibbs Cycle model in evaluation. The importance of the reflection Personal reflection through individual or group discussion is a common learning process for education professionals as pointed out by Dye (2011 p. 222). It is a vital step when it comes to the need of understanding ourselves in all facets of the learning process. In a systematic review, Dye (2011) denotes that every learner in any professional development course is often encouraged to reflect on the impact and process of individual reflection on their professional development. On the other hand, Potter (2015) also denotes that understanding reflection through either personal or group reflection is essential for three primary reasons. It helps in re-defining our professional knowledge and understanding, essential for developing personal knowledge and self-awareness, as well as in evaluating the appropriateness of our actions in the process of learning. In other words, McGinn (2015) having a group discussion to understand our selves is essential in enhancing the quality of our professional actions while increasing our accountability, aspects that were very beneficial for us in developing professional wisdom. In his study, Granby (2016) points out that teachers are often trapped in unexamined interpretations, judgments, expectations, and assumptions when they do not engage in a critical self or group reflection in understanding self and their professional discovery. Potter (2015, p. 238) also denotes that any candidate that applies for a professional accreditation needs to be in a position to evaluate their individual and service performance. The same study denotes that having a group discussion to understand self is a recommended practice for effective professional development as an evaluative and meaningful way of professional gain. The group discussion scenario I had been in a nursing practice session in a middle grade clinic in Western Sydney and as a routine; we are often required to give a report on our experience during the practice. Every student is always expected to present a written report on their experience while maturity to effectively handle patients and ensure effective healthcare would be assessed through a group discussion and presentation before the fellow course mates as well as few chosen nursing tutors from the relevant professional department. In the group, everyone is expected to present a topic, an aspect that aimed not only to test the maturity if handing students but testing self-understanding of we the learners as well. Lucky enough, my group members were always known to be active in our class sessions and all colleagues expected we would have the best presentation. Gibbs Cycle Background information of the model According to Harrison (2010), Gibbs reflective cycle is a popular model often adopted in the professional learning process for both individual and group reflection purposes. The model is essential in encouraging a systematic thinking on the phrases of an activity or experience (Patel 2016, p. 89). The model adopts the use of questions and helps an individual think though all the phases of the activity as each question forms the step that determines the next idea as pointed out by Harrison (2010, p.638). The main aim of adopting Gibbs reflective cycle in understanding self is to help an individual to challenge their assumptions and explore different ideas or new approaches towards thinking or doing things. By identifying weaknesses and strengths and taking actions to address the challenges, Dye (2011) denotes that Gibbs reflective cycle helps in promoting self-improvement. The same study asserts that the model is essential in linking theory and practice as it combines observing or doi ng while thinking or applying knowledge. The model involves six main stages as shown in figure 1 with each stage having individual reflective questions for examination of an activity in the reflection process. These include the description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion, and the action plan. Figure 1: Gibbs reflective cycle (Adopted from Dye 2010, p. 218) Application of the model in the analysis Description: The description section requires a learner to explain what the process of reflection is all about. Dye (2017) denotes that the description involves the background information that is relevant to the reflection. It hence describes who was involved in the activity and their contribution in the process. After the instructions from our tutor to have group discussions to evaluate one the topic we would present effectively for the assessment, every group member was given a responsibility to do research in preparation of the occasion as the evaluation was allocated 20% of the total grade in practical assessment course. Timid, small in size and fearful as I was, many of my fellow learners often had the mentality that i was too fearful to talk bravely in front of them, as aspect that was even reflected by my group members during the group discussion. As we began our group discussion, I realized there was biasness when it comes to contribution of the discussion. Everyone would be given a chance to share on the concepts and report their research results on areas that we felt were of importance for the discussion in the understanding of self. Realizing the mood of discussion was not favorable and fair for me, I decided to ask our group leader why he would pass me every time it was my turn to participate. I became so nervous that when I was finally given the chance, I could not speak well and clearly put out my ideas. To my group members, it was a confirmation to them that I was not dimmed fit to be among the group. They only had this idea that at least it was a group work so they would do most of the work as well as the presentation in the fear that I would let them down due to poor presentation, an aspect that they only judged out of my calm nature without knowing my potential. Feelings: Here, the reflection examines the feelings and thoughts concerning the experience (Rossiter et al. 2015, p. 814). In this section I will explore the feelings I had towards that incident at the time, still it entails the thoughts that were going through my mind at the time. Well, quite a number of feelings developed in me. To begin with I feared that my worst doubts had been confirmed. I always knew that my group members did not believe in my ability to make contributions in our discussions and presentations. So with the happening of this, I had for sure confirmed it was true. I had a feeling of embarrassment too because I knew that from then on, the perception of my group members towards me would change for the worst. In the midst of all these it was still impossible to stop blaming myself. I had a strong feeling of self-attribution. I blamed myself for the fact that I had allowed myself to succumb to the fear that was within me. According to Schacter et al. (2015), self-attribution is an emotion where one feels like something is their fault and blames themselves for it. I felt like it was my fault and there was nothing I could do to change it. That caused me a lot of emotional pain. I thought to myself that it was important for me to try harder at it. According to Cooley et al. (2017), people in a group have more mind than a group of people. This emphasizes the need for every group member to participate actively by contributing their ideas and thoughts as this is vital in the learning process. At this point I felt like I had made the session turn into the latter- a group of people rather than individuals with independent minds working in a group. Still I felt bad that almost not a single member of the group had believed in me. I thought maybe that would have changed things. Maybe it would have given me the courage to speak up. Evaluation: This section of the cycle seeks to identify two things; what was good about the experience? What was bad about the experience? Well several things emerged from this incident. As an optimist I saw several positives about it. Firstly, an opportunity had just presented itself for me to learn about myself. That was a good thing. It made me become more aware of the fact that I had a serious confidence issue to deal with. Self-efficacy and self-awareness is an important tool for empowerment of individuals. According to Caldwell et al. (2016) when an individual comes to the point where they appreciate self-efficacy and awareness, they are empowered and can also empower those with whom they work (Schacter Juvonen 2015, p. 841). The feeling of self-attribution may have caused some emotional pain but it helped me to come to a point where I appreciated the bigger picture. According to Sharma et al. (2016), of self-attribution is painful but essential in mediating and moderating self-therapy. The incident made me question myself about the few times when I had been able to make some contribution in the task group albeit small. According to Schroeder et al. (2016), individuals tend to credit themselves as having more responsibility than other group members when working together in performing group tasks. This is one feature of group dynamics that is often observed in several task groups as observed by Schroeder, Caruso, and Epley (2016, p. 89). It made me realize that all the while in our group assignments I had been crediting myself for much more than I really was able to do. That was a positive thing to discover about myself. This incident also brought to the fore another vital aspect. I learnt that most trainee teachers felt inadequate in their first class presentations or lessons. So it helped me appreciate the fact that it was okay to be nervous. Gr eene et al. 2006, points out, saying that nine in every ten trainee teachers find their first teaching experience inadequate and unsatisfying. That was a positive thing that gave me a positive feeling. After talking to a colleague about my experience, I learned that most teachers find themselves tongue tied during their first lessons. There were also a number of things that were negative about the incident. None of my colleagues had believed in me. That was daunting for me. According to Sharma et al. (2016), what most students need is someone who offers to meet them at their point of need to help them improve their engagement in class work and maximize learning effects. I knew that given an opportunity, I could do better and demonstrate to my colleagues that I was just as talented as them if not better. Analysis: In this section, the paper seeks to explore this question; what sense can be made from the incident? Here I will also seek to relate the incident to theory. One thing that came out strongly in this incident is the fact that individuals are all different according to Sharma-Patel and Brown (2016). This means that even within the group membership, individuals retain their various personalities and character and it would be irrational to expect everyone to act in a similar way in the face of every circumstance. I would want to understand my group members reaction towards my perceived failure in this light. This is an understanding that should also guide the group members in their deliberations as opposed to causing a hindrance to the task completion as was the case in our group. People including researchers tend to visualize groups as having minds. Far from it Jenkins et al. (2014) posits that one only needs to employ mind-appealing perceivers to be able to study the mind of one individual minus the group members. This would be helpful in improving the level of interaction among group members. What would I have done in order to prevent the incidence from happening in the first place? How did I end up in this situation I think one of the reasons could be the group itself. What if I was not in the right group to begin with? Aggarwal et al. (2008) posits that by merely allocating students to various groups and assigning them tasks and instructing them to have interactive engagements with their colleagues, it is not guaranteed that they will their full potential will be realized. It does not promise to yield optimal learning outcomes. From this maybe we as a group needed to reconsider the group composition to from the onset. This is also a serious issue to be co nsidered by the academic instructors so they consider as they allocate students to task groups. Action Plan: According to Venkatesh (2013), the action plan section is the segment of the reflection cycle where one is supposed to answer the following questions; what can be done in order to prevent occurrence of a similar incident in the future? Which areas can be improved? What are the priority areas that need to be developed? Well for me this takes two approaches; what I can do as an individual to enhance my participatory skills and what we can do as a task group to become better group members. I think in future taking a great deal of time to study relevant information on the topic area will go a long way in boosting my confidence. Information is power, they say. According to Cornelius-White (2007) learning depends on prior knowledge. Knowledge builds upon knowledge. As such I am undertaking to conduct a thorough study of the subject content prior to discussion time so that as I contribute, I would be emboldened by the fact that I am well informed. I realized that this bit was lacking in me before. McGinn et al. (2015) also posits and emphasizes on the importance of having students carry out a thorough reading of the topic before classes. According McDougall et al. (2006) for maximum learning outcome to be realized most college professor prefer to give prior reading assignments to help build the learners capacity to follow through and understand during class time. Moving forward, group members should have a governing policy like this one. This would ensure that as we meet for our group discussions we would all be ready to share our ideas. This would be the way to go for me to become a better group participant. On the part of all of us as group members, it is important that we appreciate that collaborative learning is one of the most effective ways for learners to achieve the optimal learning outcomes especially in task groups. According to Xiaoqing et al. (2017), collaborative learning provides a platform for learners to help each other identify and work towards overcoming their weaknesses while maximizing their strengths. The differences in personality and cultural diversity should converge rather than converge on the area of focus-achieving maximum learning outcomes. This should be the driving force for group members even as we proceed with discussions. Therefore, members of the group should realize that active participation and contribution from every group member is paramount. Alden (2011) submits that in order to achieve successful performance of group tasks, the task group should employ the intellectual resources of the members collectively. Conclusion From the above analysis, it is evident that reflective practice is a common and is increasingly becoming recognized as a primary professional skill mainly for practitioners who need to analyze and evaluate their service as well as individual performance. The discussion was essential in introducing us to effective professional practice through both reflective writing and the application of Gibbs reflective model. As a learner, I came to the understanding that critical group reflection is essential when it comes to learning/understanding self. It is an essential process that should not only be adopted as a learning practice in professionalism but a way of life so that one can critically evaluate his strengths and weaknesses, an aspect that is essential for improvement in certain areas of life. Through the analysis and application of various reflection models, I also understood that both personal and group reflections are essential in evaluating and understanding why some people behave in a certain way, an aspect that is often displayed in their reactions and feelings. The reflection enabled me to evaluate and understand my strengths and weaknesses. I was hence able to justify the need of the discussion as well and have a self-evaluation of what I could do differently to ensure effectiveness in my professional performance. References Aggarwal, P., OBrien, C. L 2012, Social loafing on group projects: Structural antecedents and effect on student satisfaction. Journal of Marketing Education, 30, 255264. , Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Alden, J. 2011, Assessment of individual student performance in online team projects. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 15, 520, , Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Caldwell, C, Hayes, L 2016, 'Self-efficacy and self-awareness: moral insights to increased leader effectiveness', Journal Of Management Development, 35, 9, pp. 1163-1173, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Cooley, E, Payne, B, Cipolli, W, Cameron, C, Berger, A, Gray, K 2017, 'The paradox of group mind: 'People in a group' have more mind than 'a group of people'', Journal Of Experimental Psychology: General, 146, 5, pp. 691-699, PsycARTICLES, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Cornelius-White, J, 2017, Learner-centered teacher-student relationships are effective: A meta-analysis. , Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Developing Reflective Practice: A guide for beginning teachers. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Education (pp. 217-234). Dye, V. (2011) Reflection, Reflection, Reflection. Im thinking all the time, why do I need a theory or model of reflection? in McGregor, D. and Cartwright, L. (ed.) Granby, C 2016, 'How expectation of questioning method affects undergraduates' preparation for class', Journal Of Experimental Education, 65, 1, p. 43, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Harrison, P.A. Fopma-Loy, L. 2010, Reflective journal prompts: A vehicle for stimulating emotional competence in nursing. Journal of Nursing Education, 49(11), 644-652. , Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1471-1842.2008.00787.x/full Mcdougall, D, Granby, C 2016, 'How expectation of questioning method affects undergraduates' preparation for class', Journal Of Experimental Education, 65, 1, p. 43, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. McGinn, N 2015, 'Getting students to read before class: Innovation in a university in Chile', Prospects (00331538), 45, 4, pp. 447-464, Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. McGinn, N, Schiefelbein, E 2015, 'Getting students to read before class: Innovation in a university in Chile', Prospects (00331538), 45, 4, pp. 447-464, Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Mortel, T, Bird, J 2010, 'Continuous Curriculum Review in a Bachelor of Nursing Program: Preventing Curriculum Drift and Improving Quality', Journal Of Nursing Education, 49, 10, pp. 592-595, Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost, viewed 12 May 2017. Moulster, G, Ames, S, Griffiths, T 2012, 'Implementation of a new framework for practice', Learning Disability Practice, 15, 7, pp. 21-26, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 12 May 2017. Patel, E 2016, 'Emotion regulation and self blame as mediators and moderators of trauma-specific treatment', Psychology Of Violence, 6, 3, pp. 400-409, PsycARTICLES, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Potter, C 2015, 'Leadership development: an applied comparison of Gibbs Reflective Cycle and Scharmers Theory U', Industrial Commercial Training, 47, 6, pp. 336-342, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 12 May 2017. Rossiter, C, Power, T, Fowler, C, Jackson, D, Roche, M, Dawson, A 2017, ''Learning to become a better man': Insights from a fathering programme for incarcerated Indigenous men', Australian Journal Of Social Issues (Australian Social Policy Association), 52, 1, pp. 13-31, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 12 May 2017. Schacter, H, Juvonen, J 2015, 'The effects of school-level victimization on self-blame: Evidence for contextualized social cognitions', Developmental Psychology, 51, 6, pp. 841-847, PsycARTICLES, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Schacter, H, Juvonen, J 2015, 'The effects of school-level victimization on self-blame: Evidence for contextualized social cognitions', Developmental Psychology, 51, 6, pp. 841-847, PsycARTICLES, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Schroeder, J, Caruso, E, Epley, N 2016, 'Many hands make overlooked work: Over-claiming of responsibility increases with group size', Journal Of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 22, 2, pp. 238-246, PsycARTICLES, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Schroeder, J, Caruso, E, Epley, N 2016, 'Many hands make overlooked work: Over-claiming of responsibility increases with group size', Journal Of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 22, 2, pp. 238-246, PsycARTICLES, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017 Sharma-Patel, K, Brown, E 2016, 'Emotion regulation and self blame as mediators and moderators of trauma-specific treatment', Psychology Of Violence, 6, 3, pp. 400-409, PsycARTICLES, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Sharma-Patel, K, Brown, E 2016, 'Emotion regulation and self blame as mediators and moderators of trauma-specific treatment', Psychology Of Violence, 6, 3, pp. 400-409, PsycARTICLES, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Sharma-Patel, K, Brown, E 2016, 'Emotion regulation and self blame as mediators and moderators of trauma-specific treatment', Psychology Of Violence, 6, 3, pp. 400-409, PsycARTICLES, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017 Venkatesh, A 2013, 'A Study on the Revelations of Design Students' Thinking Styles in Reflective Journals', Visible Language, 47, 2, pp. 1-36, Art Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost, viewed 12 May 2017. Williams, S, Greene, L, Satinsky, S, Neuberger, J 2016, 'Content Analysis of Conceptually Based Physical Education in Southeastern United States Universities and Colleges', Physical Educator, 73, 4, pp. 671-688, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 12 May 2017 Xiaoqing, G, Huawen, W, Mason, J 2017, 'Are They Thinking Differently: A Cross-Cultural Study on the Relationship of Thinking Styles and Emerging Roles in Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning', Journal Of Educational Technology Society, 20, 1, pp. 13-24, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May

People Of The Setting Sun Essays - The Setting Sun, Naoji

People Of The Setting Sun Close inspection of The Setting Sun by Dazai Osamu allows one to see a particular family battle changing times that are affecting a whole nation of people. Paralleled in many ways by the author's own reality, we see how this deep message is more than just a fiction story. As a nation, Japan had just surrendered to the U.S. ending their participation in WWII. With the end of this battle, a new one on the home front began. In a sense, the tradition of Japan died with the war; there is a definite passing of a generation/era of people. The country is now caught in a state of shock as they try to piece together new lives. This is by no means a simple task when tradition is pulling from one side and an influx of modern ways and ideas are pulling from the other. Through the analyzation of Mother, Kazuko, and Naoji, the notion of a nation struggling to grasp a new modern identity while coping with the decline of a social order that has stood strong for so many years is unfolded from beginnin g to end creating mixed feelings of hope and depression for the people of the setting sun. Due to WWII, Kazuko and her mother must leave Tokyo and establish residents in nearby village. Kazuko's brother, Naoji, has been fighting in the war and upon its conclusion, comes home to his sister and mother with a terrible drug addiction. Naoji has an artist friend who acts as a mentor/drinking buddy. The death of the mother shows the passing of a generation, and the suicide of Naoji exemplifies the feelings of depression and hopelessness that float over Japan. Kazuko becomes the heroin of the story when she creates a positive experience in the middle of this chaotic time. She bears a child which acts as a symbol for a fresh start and new hope during a time when that is just what is needed. The beginning scene of the novel is a great description for the type of women that Mother was. By explaining how she eats her soup or wee wee's in the garden, we can see that she is looked at by her children as being a good aristocrat. She had class, but was not afraid to act in her own ways. Eventually people were forced to take care of her due to her failing health, but never once do you see her attitude change to the negative. As she began to die, she never complained at all about her condition. She is among the last of a generation of good aristocrats; her ideals and morals about how life should be lived are dying with her, while the ways of the new times are rushing in with the new aristocracy. Victims. Victims of a transitional period of morality. That is what we both certainly are. She takes pride in the fact that she has allowed her children a connection to the good of the old days while they attempt to handle the transition into the modern world. This is evident in the way t hat she treats Naoji on his arrival back home. He receives the same amount of love as Kazuko even while he blatantly disrespects and defiles his body and culture. Her death creates a new life in Kazuko, while playing a part in the ultimate death of her son. Her role in dying sums up her role in the novel, as her pulse was being taken by the nurse, watched over by Naoji and myself, her two children, my beautiful mother, who was the last lady in Japan. Kazuko has lived with her mother from beginning to the end. She has treasured the time spent with last of the true aristocrats. When the war has ended, she has to deal with so many issues that a feeling of despair seems to lurk over her character. She makes it clear that love and revolution are what makes the people go, Before the war, even during the war, we were convinced of it. Since the defeat, however, we no longer trust the older and wiser heads and have come to feel that the opposite

Dinner at the Homesick Restaur essays

Dinner at the Homesick Restaur essays There are two main symbols in Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant. These symbols are the restaurant and the Monopoly game. The symbols are a big part in Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant. They bring out characters personalities and influence literary elements in the novel. The restaurant is brought up many times throughout Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant. It is a symbol of togetherness in the family. Both the restaurant and the Tull family are not very stable. They both have Ezra trying to keep them together. Ezra takes over the restaurant from Mrs. Scarlatti and tries to fix it up and keep it running. He changes the sign. He wants a lot of people to eat at his restaurant. Ezra also tries to bring the family together. He brings them to the restaurant for a family dinner many times. He sets up many family gatherings. Ezra never tries to cause fights in the family, nor does he ever partake in any fights. He would rather live his life as a liquid. (165) At the restaurant, the family can not finish a complete dinner together. They can always start of all right, but then the family ends up arguing over something. Someone in the family leaves the dinner table. In the Tulls life, they find it very hard to stay together throughout the novel. At first, Beck leaves the family, on business, to take care of themselves, except for a small check he sends them every month. With out Beck, the Tull family has to struggle. Pearl has to get a job in order to take care of her house and kids. This struggling causes the family to have to be apart for much of the time. When the children grow older, the family has a very hard time of staying together or getting together at all. Jenny goes to school, gets a job and a husband, and has kids. Cody goes to school, and gets a job and a wife. Ezra joins the Army, and then comes home and takes care of Pearl. With all of ...

History of Policing in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

History of Policing in America - Essay Example However, as colonies shifted into towns, as well as towns into big cities, the Justice of the Peace organization was not sufficient. It was time for a well structured and salaried police service unit. Nevertheless, during that time, there were no policewomen. Boston initiated Night Watch in the early 1600s, which worked logically well in areas where the settlers embraced a rural culture, as well as an agrarian lifestyle (London, 2006). New York City, on the other hand, in 1651, set up the Shout and Rattle Watch, but, in 1705, Philadelphia thought that it was necessary to split the city into ten patrol regions. This was, in reality, the first stab in the United States at "controlled law enforcement" as it was worth the effort (London, 2006). Sometime between the Civil Wars and Revolutionary, the over-rapid increase of industrialization and population in the United States mandated the development of metropolitan police departments. Philadelphia, in 1833, prepared an independent, 24/7 watch squad (London, 2006). In 1844, New York, in 1844, maintained two police units, one unit worked during the day and the other one took their shift at night. During this time, police departments were run by police chiefs, chosen and answerable to political bosses inharmoniously comparable to what was observed in the black and white police films of the 1950s. Corruption ran out of control. Another law enforcement technique that American inherited from Britain was The Sheriff System. As America migrated west, in a majority frontier townships, the sheriff was the main law enforcement officer (London, 2006). He could be hired from the local community, or more regularly a Sheriff was elected by his repute and the gloomier the representative, th e more likely he was to be selected.  

Management Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Management Decision Making - Essay Example An example of a strategy that will be undertaken is the assessment of students. Since students are the most important group in a university, the knowledge management efforts will definitely include them. An assessment of the students who graduate from the university will be done to determine their strengths and weaknesses. The results of the assessment of the students will be disseminated to the academe through the Knowledge Management Department. The results of the study is a reflection of the quality of education offered by the school; therefore, it is important that the information derived from the assessment be given to the faculty in order that said information can be used to improve the teaching programs of the university. Another quality improvement task that the Knowledge Management Department can initiate is to remain competitive is to develop online courses which other schools offer already (Garcia, 2009). If the news about new online courses are properly disseminated to the students by the Knowledge Management Department, the number of enrollees will increase; thus, improving the financial performance of the school

The Psychological challanges of Oppressed women in The Yellow Essay

The Psychological challanges of Oppressed women in The Yellow Wallpaper - Essay Example of Gilman’s writings that reflect her society’s views of mental illness and diagnostic conventions and attitude towards women’s postpartum psychosis. The setting of Charlotte’s story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† enormously reflects the time period in which the story takes place. Indeed the setting of the story reflects the American society in the late 19th when the people were less endowed with scientific knowledge and the position of women in the society was restricted within the four walls of their parents and husbands’ house. Women were also thought of to be devoid of any intellectual capability. Therefore they were restricted from any psychophysical works except the indoor activities of raising children and serve their husbands. Evidences of Gender Discrimination in Gilman’s Story The distorted figure in the yellow wallpaper symbolizes the forced inactivity of women and also the society’s view of women’s physical fragi lity. In the 19th century American and European societies it is thought that women are the passive pacifier of men’s sexual desire and therefore they should not do any type of work more than what the circumstance requires them. The male dominated society thinks that men are born to work outside and women are for house and hearth. But according to the vindication of Gilman’s story, what men think of the betterment of women is their mere observation from a remote point of view. Men never can assimilate themselves with the selves of women and therefore they cannot feel what is felt by women (Bak 41-2). But as the protagonist herself is confined and restricted, she can feel the agony of the imaginary crippled woman who is bandit in the yellow wallpaper. She is confined within the sanitarium that symbolizes the whole male dominated... The author of the essay: "The Psychological challanges of Oppressed women in "The Yellow Wallpaper" analyzes the society’s attitude towards women’s psychological illness in the 19th century and its influence on Gilman’s writing. Gilman’s story speaks more of the patriarchy’s attitudes towards women’s mental illness, in the 19th century, which was considered to be the result of extensive brainwork. The author of the essay mentions that in the story, the author attempts to vindicate that nuptial institution as well as the related restrictions imposed upon a woman in marriage is detrimental to the harmonious psychological growth of women. That is, women’s struggle for their own selves must challenge the so-called male-imposed norms, rules and regulations in the name of women’s betterment. In the end the author of this paper sums up that according to Gilman, women’s situation from a male point of view is ironical in the sense that the male counterpart of the society thinks that what they prescribe for women is for their welfare, while the male dominated society’s restriction in the name of women’s wellbeing is detrimental to the women’s psychology. Throughout the whole story John examines the protagonist’s condition from a detached observer’s point of view. Consequently he cannot look into the protagonist’s agony. But John can be viewed as the production of his male society. In John’s society, women viewed only from a male point of view and this male viewpoint is excessively obsessed with the sexuality of the female body.

Architecture of the Parthenon

Architecture of the Parthenon The era that one lives in is very advanced technologically and economically, yet nothing can surpass the creations that the Greeks built. When one thinks about ancient times we visualize uncivilized people who could never accomplish such great things as we have done when in reality it is us that could never accomplish what they did. There are many accomplishments that are associated with Classical Greece, one of the major ones is the Parthenon. The Parthenon played a key part in helping society discover that the Greeks were incredibly great with precise calculations, had unknown technology to create such buildings, and that this type of building is hard to recreate. The Parthenon set the stage for many buildings to come making it a very influential architectural building. Why was the Parthenon built to begin with? Well the answer isnt as complex as one may think. The Parthenon building served as a religious center where a large statue of the goddess Athena was located. The Parthenon was where the Greeks went to worship the goddess and provide thanks for what they had. The Parthenon had other purposes such as it being a fortress and a tourist stop. The Parthenon became a symbol of power for the Greeks, along with the sense of power a sense of nationalism increased. The Parthenon was a beautiful building to admire. What this building has showed us is that the Greeks were way ahead of their time period. In order to make such a temple, the architects must have ways to calculate very precise numbers and have machinery to place the columns on the building. Not only did this type of architecture require extreme precision, it also required of a great sum of money. At the time the predicted cost for a building like this was around 1,000 silver talents, which is around $57,600,000. This cost didnt only cover the Parthenon building, it also covered the price for the Athena Parthenos. According to Cartwright, the Parthenon was made beautifully on the outside but the meaningful part of it was the giant statue of Athena inside it. The Athena Parthenos was a huge statue that measured around 11.5 meters tall and was made out of gold and other expensive materials. The statue was worth more that the Parthenon itself. When one looks at the Parthenon one sees straight lines and columns, but the truth is that there is almost no straight lines in the Parthenon. The straight lines that we see are merely an optical illusion made by the architects that designed the Parthenon. The columns that we see on the building seem to be straight, but in reality if one is to look at the column going from the bottom to the top we would be able to see that the column starts off being narrow and as it reaches the center it grows wider, once it is headed to the top it narrows down again. This same rule applies to all of the columns placed. This type of precision would be difficult for this time period to achieve even with all the new technology, imagine how the Greeks must have struggled to build such a thing without having little to none of the technology we had. By having made such an amazing piece of architecture, including many more, it was logical for the Greeks to fell as if they were above every other civilization. They were proud of their culture and of their historical ideas. These types of achievements were what made them believe that their achievements would set the stage for generations to come. As the Greeks presumed, their architectural ideas did set the stage for centuries including our times. The Parthenon is a remarkable piece of architecture that is irreplaceable, not only because of the cost but also due to the fact that even if people now were to remake one, it wouldnt have the same impact as it would have centuries ago. The reason for this is that the Greeks had nothing to base themselves off of I order to create such a masterpiece, meanwhile we have their ideas to create our own and access to modern technology. Ancient civilizations may seem like nothing compared to what we have become over the years, but in reality they were incredibly influential in what we have become now and what will become of us in years to come. Works Cited Cartwright, Mark. Parthenon. Ancient History Encyclopedia, Ancient History Encyclopedia Limited, 28 Oct. 2012, http://www.ancient.eu/parthenon/ . Athena Parthenos by Pheidias. Ancient History Encyclopedia, Ancient History Encyclopedia Limited, 25 Jan. 2015, http://www.ancient.eu/article/785/ Fehlmann, Marc. As Greek as It Gets: British Attempts to Recreate the Parthenon. Rethinking History, vol. 11, no. 3, Sept. 2007, pp. 353-377. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1080/13642520701353256. Hadingham, Evan. Unlocking Mysteries of the Parthenon. Smithsonian, Smithsonian Institution, Feb. 2008, http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/unlocking-mysteries-of-the-parthenon-16621015/ Hurwit, Jeffrey M. Beautiful Evil: Pandora and the Athena Parthenos. American Journal of Archaeology, vol. 99, no. 2, 1995, pp. 171-186., www.jstor.org/stable/506338. Nova. The Glorious Parthenon. Nova, Corporation for Public Broadcasting, 29 Feb. 2008, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/glorious-parthenon.html The Acropolis in Athens, Greece. Athens Greece Now, http://athensgreecenow.com/acropolis-athens-greece.php The Parthenon. Ancient-Greece, Ancient-Greece.org, http://ancient-greece.org/architecture/parthenon.html Tomlinson, Richard A. Review Article: The Acropolis and the Parthenon Perils and Progress? American Journal of Archaeology, vol. 100, no. 3, 1996, pp. 601-604., www.jstor.org/stable/507030.

Essay --

Bernadette Roberson 12-04-2013 ENG-105 Jan Wakefield Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD Review Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, otherwise known as ADHD, are more challenging to parent than the average child. An ADHD child may act without thinking as if they have no filter or fidget constantly with an endless fuel supply. At first, these behaviors may be minor annoyances, but now the caretaker’s patience is running out. Furthermore, the child suffers from a short attention span that makes even the most ordinary of tasks hard to accomplish. All parents love their children and want them to succeed. They may think: There must be something other than pills that can help my child with ADHD. In reviewing the website, â€Å"ADDitude, Living Well With Attention Deficit† Larry, S. M.D. (2013) allows the reader to assess and understand ADHD symptoms, treatment resources and improving parenting skills needed for living with ADHD children. It attempts to reach its readers through the use of outlining ADHD resources, free downloads regarding wide range ADHD information, available social networks including ADHD Blogs. The site also includes webcasts produced by various staff for readers to easily access current and up-to-date information in order learn more and parent more efficiently. The design of the website is appealing, although it may seem a bit over-whelming at first glance. Upon review, the design provides little written information regarding the actual purpose of the publication, but does include many easy to navigate hyper-links on various topics that may be very appealing to a person needing specific information on one topic. The website itself is small and concise, approximately two pages, a... ...Video Game 'Addiction' More Likely With Autism, ADHD Study cites poor peer relationships as one reason these kids embrace gaming Health Day News, by Serena Gordon HealthDay Reporter Monday, July 29, 2013 http://health.usnews.com/health-news/news/articles/2013/07/29/video-game-addiction-more-likely-with-autism-adhd Motor control and sequencing of boys with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)during computer game play Houghton, S., Milner, N., West, J., Douglas, G., Lawrence, V., Whiting, K., & ... Durkin, K. (2004). Motor control and sequencing of boys with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) during computer game play. British Journal Of Educational Technology, 35(1), 21-34. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8535.2004.00365.x http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=65433384&site=ehost-live&scope=site

Arguments for and against vegetarianism Essay

What are the arguments for and against vegetarianism? Seeing animals running around filled with cuteness can bring a smile to anybody’s face. But knowing the fact that most of them will be taken away and butchered creates a number of arguments because some people would simply put this down as cruelty were as others would call it ‘meat.’ Over the past years more and more campaigns and protestations have been started. Talking to a lot of vegetarians I found that their reason for being a vegetarian was because they found it a way of living with avoiding every form of killing animals. That or they found it better for their health, as most cancer institutions will approve that vegetarians have a much lower rate of cancer. A lot of people have been found to say ‘what gives us the right to kill innocent lives, animal or non-animal?’ They believe animals have rights too. Many vegetarians, and especially vegans, also choose to give up the use of all animal products, including leather, fur, and animal products used in common household items and substances. Some say that killing animals for any reason is entirely unnecessary, while others argue that human beings are not meant to be carnivores at all, pointing to a human’s small canines, flat molars, long intestines and less acidic stomachs, all ideal for eating fruits (carnivores have larger teeth, shorter intestines and stronger stomach acids.) Many feel that all animals are creatures with emotions, feelings, and the ability to feel pain too. Moving on to the arguments against vegetarianism. First of all, not all vegetarians eat healthy. A great deal simply switch to avoid meat, but still consume large amounts of foods that remain â€Å"questionable.† These â€Å"lazy vegetarians† usually subsist on a diet of coffee, hard liquor, cigarettes, French fries, potato chips, pizza, ramen noodles and candy, with the occasional vegetable or two. One troubling aspect of vegetarianism, and specifically veganism, is that it can actually be inadequate and can result  in nutrient deficiencies. Particularly vulnerable are children, especially infants, who can fail to grow at the proper rate due to deficiencies of energy, calcium, zinc, Vitamins B-12 and D, amino acids and nitrogen in vegan diets. Animals would eat us if they were hungry, why shouldn’t we eat them? This is a question asked widely by meat eaters. And the fact is. It’s true. Animals would eat us. Moreover meat is a large part of the Westernised world. Some eat meat because they like it, and some do not because they do not like it. I find being a meat-eater that there is a food chain, that human’s and animal’s follow. For instance, Human’s eat animals and plants and Animal’s eat plants and other animals. People call eating meat cruelty and murder, and to back themselves up they come to ethics. Ethics is the philosophical study of right and wrong, good and bad; it is a critical evaluation of our actions and their possible or real consequences. They say we are human beings with unique rational minds capable of raising the question of whether killing is right or wrong and governing our behaviour accordingly; we are, in short, the ethical animals. Once again the question pops up. If we are called ‘ethnic animal’s’ then we should be able to decide between the wrongs and rights of our actions. If a majority of people think that meat eating is not wrong and should be able to take place without the criticising of vegetarians then let it be. To conclusion it is almost puzzling as to why people choose or choose not to include animal meat in their daily diet. It is also quite a debatable topic because each argument for and against vegetarianism can be disputed. At the end of the day the question revolving around will be, to be or not to be a Vegetarian? It really is a matter of choosing the alternative.

Hess Law Essays - Commodity Chemicals, Chlorides, Enthalpy

Hess Law Essays - Commodity Chemicals, Chlorides, Enthalpy Hess Law Hess Law:Work to be done:Find enthalpy change by measuring temperature change of a reaction. Chemicals and apparatus: Thermometer Scale Isolator NaOH, solid NaOH, 0.50M solution Acetic acid, 0.50M and 0.25M Lab: Reaction 1) The temperature of 200ml water that I poured into the isolator was 23.0C. To that I added 1.97g solid NaOH and let the reaction take place. After a while I measured the temperature to 24.9C rT = 1.9C. The number of mole NaOH is 1.97 / 40 = 0.049 mol. Reaction 2) In this experiment I used 100ml 0.50M acetic acid, and to that I added 100ml 0.50M liquid NaOH. The temperature of the acetic acid was 23C and the temperature of the NaOH was 22C. So the average, and the number I use will be 22.5C. After the reaction the temperature of the solution was 25C, so rT = 2.5C. The number of mole NaOH is 0.50 * .100 = 0.050 mol. Reaction 3) In the third reaction I used 200ml 0.25M acetic acid with a temperature of 22.5C, that I added to 2.00g NaOH. The temperature after the reaction was 27C, so rT = 4.5C. And the number of mole NaOH in the reaction was 2.00 / 40 = 0.05 mol. The same amount NaOH has been used in all three reactions, and the same amount of liquid also, 200ml. In reaction two and three is also the amount acetic acid the same.I can now calculate the enthalpy changes in each case: H = c m T, and since the same mass has been used, and since I can use the same c in all three cases H = 0.84 T (c = 4.2, m = 0.200g) rH1 = 1.596 rH2 = 2.1 rH3 = 3.78 According to Hess Law you should be able to calculate the enthalpy change for a reaction which is the sum of two (or more) reactions with known enthalpy change, so:NaOH(s) NaOH(aq) (1) NaOH(aq) + HCl NaCl + H2O (2) NaOH(s) + HCl NaCl + H2O (3) (3) - (2) = (1) and we can also see that rH3 - rH2 rH1

History of Special Education Essays

History of Special Education Essays History of Special Education Essay History of Special Education Essay Running head: History of Special Education History of Special Education Julie G. Delk Grand Canyon University: SPE 526 May 4, 2011 Abstract The realm of Special Education has many components and features. It has a well rounded historical background and the laws governing special education are equally as important to discuss. A key point to discuss is the Individuals with Disabilities Act-its laws and principles that are associated with Special Education. Challenges found within Special Education are also discussed with current times and themes and also prospecting into the future. The History of Special Education Introduction When our education system was established, a thought seemed to never cross the minds of educators that those possessing difficulties in learning were even capable of learning. This attitude handicapped the progress of education to such an extent that those with exceptionalities were often cast aside and often viewed as a burden to society. This thought progressively began to change towards the 17th and 18th centuries. Pioneers such as Pinel Philippe, Jean-Marc Gaspard Itard, Eduoard Seguin, and Samuel Gridley Howe are just a few of the many who felt that children with difficulties can learn and developed special education techniques that are still actively present in teaching strategies of today. Perhaps these individuals saw that through observation and demonstrating compassion that these attitudes revealed a glimpse of hope, a hope for a brighter future for children with disabilities. More so that through the perseverance of advocates and parents of persons with disabilities a creation of change in behavior and attitudes of society were beginning. Special education has been a heavily discussed topic in the realm of government and in legislation. Litigation and Legislation for Special Education One of the biggest concerns of those afflicted with disabilities and the families of those disabled was discrimination and the unfair treatment of children with disabilities. At one point in time educators often felt that they should not educate those with disabilities because the assumption was these individuals were unable to learn. Some educators, however had the same concern and wanted to better the lives of those whom they taught. In Brown v. the Board of Education, Topeka, KS, a finding was made that teachers could discriminate against any student because of individual differences of those with disabilities. Two other court decisions also were helpful in the development of special education. These two cases were held in Supreme Court: Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and Mills v. Board of Education, Washington, D. C. These two cases applied the right to a free and appropriate education for students with disabilities. The American court system has continually played an active role in special education and continues to enforce these rulings. Legally schools must provide the education in special education or prepare to face legal action or consequences. History of legislation in the regards to special education was precedential in the landmark decision-The Rehabilitation Act of 1973. In particular, Section 504 of this Act mandated that there would be no discrimination for those with disabilities. The law had a broad definition of the term disability and encompassed those who had disabilities not particularly covered in special education laws or court decisions. This law was the first step in the legislation of recognizing the civil rights of disabled persons. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004(referred to as IDEA) Special education became institutionalized in public and private school settings when Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004 became law. According to the Wikipedia article (n. d. ) Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004 â€Å"is a United States federal law that governs how states and public agencies provide early intervention, special education, and related services to children with disabilities. † The educational needs of children from birth to 18 or 21 are addressed in cases that involve several specified categories of disability. States that accept funding under IDEA are subject to its law and regulation. IDEA and its predecessor statutes arose from the idea that free and appropriate education for children with disabilities should no longer be withheld because of a person’s disability-which is in direct violation of the right to due process. This Act has been amended and reauthorized and was finally released in 2004, which contained several amendments. IDEA’s outline intended for outcomes for each child is prepared for furthering the education, job fulfillment, and self efficacy. Wikipedia further states(n. d. ) â€Å"Under IDEA 2004: Special education and related services should be designed to meet the unique learning needs of eligible children with disabilities, preschool through age 21. Students with disabilities should be prepared for further education, employment, and independent living. † Furthermore, IDEA protects the rights of those individuals, keeps schools in regulatory necessity for checks and balances, and students that have disabilities benefit to their fullest potential. Current and Future Challenges in the Field of Special Education Without a proper and fundamental understanding of the definition of children with exceptionalities, an educator may find a very difficult task to educate and this failure may result in no success of learning on the behalf of the student. The term that describes abilities that differ from the norm either above or below to such an extent that they require an individualized program of special education and related services to fully from education(Heward, 2009). The term exceptional children includes children who experience difficulties in learning as well as those whose performance is so superior that modification in curriculum and instruction are necessary to help them fulfill potential†(p. 9). Labeling children with terms such as â€Å"children with disabilities† or â€Å"handicapped children† are no longer viewed as appropriate for use in describing exceptional children. Perhaps labeling is essential for demographic or educational purposes as well as for those seeking benefits to special educational services. Never the less exceptional children require pecialized education and services. There are many factors to consider when labeling an individual. Advantages are many as the same is applied to disadvantages. The challenge currently is to find the appropriate measure of the label itself. Professionals in special education have legitimate reason to feel good about the overall progress in the field of special education. Educators continue to learn to work as partners with families and other educational agencies on behalf of exceptional children. There is still more work that needs to be done however. Research continues to be a key component to close the gap in the educational practice in special education. The continuous learning of the techniques of what works best in the classroom is an ever growing process. Educators have learned much about how to teach effectively children with severe disabilities, whom many previously had assumed were incapable of learning. Heward (2009) reports that â€Å"It is critically important for special education to close the gap between field’s knowledge of evidence-based practices and the curriculum and instruction that students receive† (p. 43). Several challenges educators in this field are facing currently as well what future obstacles are the availability of early intervention and prevention programs, helping students with disabilities adjust from school to adult life, and improve the special education-general education partnership. Other issues such as cultural and linguistic diversity are concerns as well. Schools sometimes may not always be effective as they should be providing the best or most desired experiences for culturally and linguistically diverse students. This failure often results in student failure as a whole. This result often times in a misinterpretation of a disability rather than the responsibility of the school to provide appropriate curriculum and instruction. The important point to remember is that everyone is different and educators must be aware of this fact. Educators must find the open line of communication as a common ground. This does pose some risk but the reward outweighs the risk taken in the discovery of different sets of values. No one should fear the differences between other there is a great opportunity to be discovered. Conclusion There is a continuing struggle for those with disabilities for acceptance and survival. Without special education, these individuals would still be seen and viewed as worthless and unsuitable products of society. The individuals who have persevered for the rights of the disabled have brought many wrong assumptions to light for correction. Special education has come a long ways and the laws that regulate it are there to protect these individuals. Through detailed and tailored instruction, these individuals can realize their fullest potential and contribute to the society as a whole. References Brown v. Board of Education. 347 U. S. 483 (1954). Heward, W. L. (2009). Exceptional children: An introduction to special education(9th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004, Pub. L. No. 108-446, 118  § 2647. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (n. d. ). Retrieved May 3, 2011 from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Individuals_with _Disabilities_Education_Act Mills v. Board of Education, 348 F. Supp. 866 (1972). The Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Pub. L. No. 93-112, 87 Stat. 394, 29 U. S. C.  §701.

Should gay marriage be legal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Should gay marriage be legal - Essay Example One thing, which needs to be considered is that the number of gays living in the United States is very less as compared to the people who like to have relationship with the opposite gender. Therefore, giving freedom to such people to develop relationships with the same gender does not make a big difference. From the perspective of gays, some of the reasons that support gay marriages include strengthening of social concept of marriage, sexual freedom, and freedom of choice. Gay marriage has least concern with the morality since it promotes justice, freedom, and equality. If a person wants to spend his life with a person belonging to the same gender, no one should oppose it because every person has the right to do whatever he wants to do as long as his actions do not affect the rights of any other person. Therefore, gay marriages should be held legal because it does not affect the rights of others. Warren, Patrick. â€Å"Same Sex Couples Can Avoid Unnecessary Problems By Getting These Documents In Order Now.† Ezinearticles.com, 03 Aug. 2011. Web. 23 Sep. 2011.

Performance management is key to achieving sustained competitive Essay

Performance management is key to achieving sustained competitive advantage - Essay Example advantage (Amit & Schoemaker, 1993; Barney, 1991; Schoenecker & Cooper, 1998). Human capital is more mobile than other intangible resources (Teece, Pisano, & Shuen, 1997). Therefore, it may seem an unlikely source of sustained competitive advantage. Hence the organization must search for the means and ways to retain them to achieve completive advantage. Competitive advantage is gained only when the organization selects or develops these resources and structures work tasks and the reward system in ways that motivate the team to perform well and thereby contribute to organizational effectiveness (Guzzo & Shea, 1992). Some organizations reward employees financially when they demonstrate an ability to acquire and master new knowledge (Jenkins & Gupta, 1985; Gerhart, 2000; Lawler, ch-10).Also some studies like, Jackson & Schuler, 2002 considers that organizational structures for rewards improve organizational performance and proves competitive advantage rather than team effectiveness and selection and training. But according to Dobbins, Cardy, Facteau, & Miller, 1993 opinion, system factors are the only constraining influences that restrict individual ability and motivation, and result in lowered performance. Performance management involves enabling people to perform their work to the best of their ability, meeting and perhaps exceeding targets and standards, and hence the PM system involves the following components.1. The focus is on an individual's work.2. There are expectations or standards of performance.3. There are usually two sessions between the employee and the evaluator: one to establish the standards and another to review performance. 4. The evaluator is usually the person who has line management authority over the one evaluated. 5. The evaluation session usually results in some written conclusion--some paper trail regarding the performance of the person reviewed. Corporate Performance Management (CPM) has become a widely adopted strategy execution in the current day corporate scenario with systematic and integrated improvements in the management processes to ensure efficiency and effectiveness. At the core of CPM is A metrics-based strategic planning and execution framework that helps align strategic plans with resource allocation and strategic initiatives Strategic goal alignment through enhanced communication and focusing processes / resources towards organization objectives A structured information based review mechanism that provides the feedback loop and connects strategic planning to operational performance measures Eg: Infosys is a best example to observe the competitive advantage of the company that has achieved through the adoption of CPM approach. Performance management and improvement is observed as Cycle to adopt in the process with certain steps. The practice of Infosys CPM is observed through the following steps of PM cycle. 1. Performance planning: Here

Small system practice - social work Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Small system practice - social work - Assignment Example es are unequal to the larger student community thus as a social worker you may use inequality to promote a higher level of equality in the access of limited resources hence giving them a slightly better chance than the other student community. Using the ERS system it may give many conflicting rules and thus ethical principles may apply. For example, Principle 6-confidentiality and Principle 7- full disclosure both seem to act but the rank in the EPS system dictates the preceding principle gains priority(Ralph & Harrington & Frank 66). This way will ensure ethical practice dilemmas related to immigrants are handled carefully and mindfully.. 4. Building a community partnership strategy. The social student worker will be obliged to bring the families of the deported parents together and through their voices and hearing their wishes and needs advocate for providence through facilities such as foster homes. Bringing together community stakeholders and making it clear of their roles in that it will include giving where the return will be improvements that will propel the lives of the children and families as well as support their

Mergers and Acquisition Essay Example for Free

Mergers and Acquisition Essay Why are there mergers and acquisitions? Mergers and acquisitions take place for a number of reasons, such as refinancing for a better price, amplifying expansion, and submerging risk through diversification. New entities may drag behind after a merger takes place due to the higher cost of matching different and unconnected economic activities. Diversification by business groups may also reduce technical effectiveness. When a merger takes place, a bigger business groups emerges from the two which usually will have more economic and political influence In this paper, we will assess the impact of mergers and acquisitions on firms, including sensible and dubious reasons for, and benefits and costs of, cash and stock transactions. We will also be sure to examine the financial risks of merging with or acquiring an organization in another country and how those risks could be mitigated. First we will we will assess the impact of mergers and acquisitions on firms while also touching on the benefits and costs of, cash and stock transactions. Who gains from mergers? Typically, the selling firm tends to be impacted favorably by the merge and/or acquisition rather than the firm acquiring the selling firm. Studies demonstrate that most of the benefits from mergers and acquisitions were earned by the selling firm, not the acquiring company. For example, recent research found that holders in the acquiring firm earned an estimated 4% return on their investment with the completed acquisition in contrast to the holders of the target firm whom typically received a 30% return on their investment. So, to imply that mergers and acquisitions do not create benefits would not be correct because the acquiring firms are paying too much money for their acquisitions. There are many sensible and dubious reasons for mergers and acquisitions. Many times the reason for acquisitions is for expansion. Expansion that is not limited by internal resources means there is no reduction of working capital which crates many benefits such as; stocks can be exchanged faster, assets can be purchased more quickly rather than building, better technology can be gained as well as resources and skills, and the tax benefits can sometimes give the new company better operating leverage in their particular market. Smaller firms will usually always gain from merging with larger firms because larger firms have better equipment, resources, and technology. The aforementioned reasons make the merged firms more effective in daily operations, which in turn, make the merged firms more alluring to their current and potential clients. Mergers and acquisitions also help reduce the merged firms risk by diffusing their debt and risk among the various companies with the firm. Oftentimes firms will merge in order to gain a larger market share within their perspective fields. For example, ATT recently merged with Cingular Wireless to become the nations largest telephone network and gain the highest market share of customers in telecommunications, thus trying to eliminate competition. Now, we will discuss the financial risks of merging with or acquiring companies in another country. There are many financial risks of merging or acquiring companies in another country. One, oftentimes there are culture clashes between the foreign firm and the home firm. These cultural clashes sometimes lead to losing valuable managers and workers to other firms because they do not desire to live in another country. Two, there may be a conflict of intentions in two different countries which could spell disaster for all firms involved. Other financial risks can include; foreign exchange rates, lawyer, banker, and brokers fees. Firms must know foreign banking and business laws such as the proper filings they must report with the SEC and foreign officials. Many consideration must be taken when considering merging /and or acquiring a foreign firm. In this paper, we assessed the impact of mergers and acquisitions on firms which we found to be more beneficial to the smaller of the merging firms due to their gaining of better equipment and resources. We found that there are indeed many sensible and dubious reasons for, and benefits and costs of, cash and stock transactions which include risk diversification among the merged firms. We examined the financial risks of merging with or acquiring an organization in another country and conclude that mitigation can be done by ensuring that the proper laws and culture differences are overcome before merging. References Brealey, R., Myers, S., Marcus, A. (2004). Fundamentals of Corporate Finance. Chapter 22: Mergers, Acquisitions, and Corporate Control. Retrieved from the internet on April 22, 2007 from https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/content/eBookLibrary/content/eReader.h#Investopedia.com.(2007). Retrieved from the internet on April 22, 2007 from www.investopedia.com/university/mergers/mergers4.asp 36k

Destructive Relationships in Wuthering Heights :: Wuthering Heights Essays

Destructive Relationships in Wuthering Heights Many people in the world are trying to find a perfect companion. Some of these may marry and not know what their new husband or wife is like. This kind of situation often leads to separation or hostility. Other situations may develop between two friends that stem from jealousy, desire for revenge, uncaring parents, etc. Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights displays several characteristics of destructive relationships. Three of these are uncaring parents, marriage without knowing the person, and jealousy. Uncaring or unsympathizing parents are shown throughout this story to be an element of destructive relationships. Because Heathcliff gained all the attention from Mr. Earnshaw, Hindley became disassociated from his father. This separation continued until after Mr. Earnshaw had died. Another example is between Hindley and Hareton. Hindley became such a drunk and a gambler that he could not properly care for young Hareton. This led to a separation between Hareton and his father as well. One primary example of an uncaring parent is shown between Heathcliff and his son Linton. Heathcliff did not even want his son for anything except enacting a part of his revenge. This is shown by Linton's fear of Heathcliff and Heathcliff's enmity toward his son. Linton even says "... my father threatened me, and I dread him - I dread him!"(244) to express his feeling about Heathcliff . The hostility and separation between father and son in this book shows that uncaring parents can cause serious damage in relationships with their children. This element of destructive behavior may stem from an unhappy marriage in which the husbands or wives don't know each other. This had happened between Isabella and Heathcliff. Isabella did not really know Heathcliff when she married him, but after she had married him she saw that Heathcliff was not a gentleman at all. To declare her feelings she wrote " Is Heathcliff a man? If so, is he mad? And if not, is he a devil? I shan't tell my reasons for making this inquiry; but I beseech you to explain, if you can, what I have married ..."(125). Another example of this is when Catherine married Edgar Linton. Although she had been happy at the beginning of the marriage, she thought having parties all the time was

Its Time to Reform American Health Care :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Health care advancements in America are notably the best in the world. We continually strive for preventions and cures of diseases. America has the best medical scientists and physicians that specialize in their medical fields. According to Joseph A. Califano Jr. (2003), "what makes America health care system great is its ability to attract the finest minds in our society," that can help the sick by preventing and curing medical complications. (p. 18). We are noted worldwide for our medical care and physicians from other countries jump at the opportunity to join the American medical system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  However, our system is based on money. The more money you have to spend, the better medical services you will receive. ?According to the Bureau of Labor education at the university of main (2003), America spends more money oh health care than any other nation, "$4,178 per capita on health care in 1998?, compared to the average of $1,783. (BLE., 2003, p.23). Still an estimated "42.5 million Americans are living without health insurance", which prevents them from receiving medical treatment. (Climan, Scharff, 2003, p.33). The numbers of un-insured Americans continue to rise. Tim Middleton (2002) states, ?insurance premiums grow at a rate greater than wages,? when you have a low-income job. ( ¶ 9). With our current economy recession, taxes are rising and small business employers are unable to purchase health plans for their employees. Employees are realizing that they are unable to gain insurance from their jobs and beginning to speak out about the high price of he alth care.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The American Medical Student Association (2004) stated that ?Between 1945 and 1970, America?s economy was strong and booming?, they owned about 60% of the world profit.? ( ¶13). During this time employers were able to cover their employees and the employers were also able to ?write off the health insurance as tax-deductibles for the company.?(AMSA, 2004,  ¶ 11 ). As time progressed our economy began to unravel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the 70?s the world entered a recession because ?the cost of economic growth of other industrialized nations began to rise rapidly?, the United States felt the effect. (AMSA, 2004,  ¶ 14). With the development of other nations, came lose of industrial production for the United States of America. American Medical Student Association (2004) stated ?In 1950 we had 60% and by 1980 we only claimed 30% of the world production?, this brought higher prices as well as loses of jobs.

Advertising and promotion strategy Essay

Since the inception of the company’s first outlet in Cleveland, Mississippi in the year 1987, Back Yard Burgers depended mostly on the word of mouth publicity to spread awareness and promote its home cooked burgers. New outlets that opened in the subsequent years expanded not only the company’s consumer base and revenue but also stressed the need for aggressive marketing strategy to sustain the increased cost of operations. Back Yard Burgers started advertising on the television in the year 1993. The initial advertising campaigns were titled â€Å"the great burger wars† that took a punch at the competitors. In June 1994 the company launched a series of campaigns that featured Dennis R. Phillipi, a popular comedian in Memphis who soon became famous as Dennis the â€Å"Back Yard Burgers Guy†. The commercials projected the burgers as bigger, tastier, and healthier than those offered by the competitors due to its grilled cooking method that melted most of the fat. The advertising campaigns were effective in increasing sales and raising the revenue by 10 to 15%. Launch of new products and subsequent commercials on the television featuring Dennis Phillipi was an effective strategy. The company used the audio of these commercials in radio advertising that was cheaper. In addition the company also used direct mail advertising. The company collects 1% of taxable sales from each franchisee and company-operated restaurants that goes to the national advertising fund. 50% of this fund is utilized for marketing promos through various channels like radio, television, and print media. The rest 50% is used for market research, new product testing, and development, improvising on the operational front. The company’s marketing director monitors product launch and new restaurant opening promotions and marketing managers with a well-trained staff. The management works in collaboration with the franchisees towards advertising and promotion of its restaurants. The advertising fee earned by the company increased from $314,000 in July 1, 2006 period to $318,000 in June 30, 2007 period. The $4000 increase over the earlier period is accounted to the 1% of sales that goes to the national advertising fund as per company policies. The company also recorded an increase in the advertising expense from $668,000 in the July 1, 2006 to $814,000 in June 30, 2007 that attributes to approximately 5% of the net restaurant sales on advertising in the past year. (see annexure for the comparative income statements). The company has been stressing on the advertising and promotion strategy but it has not been very effective. There are some important points that can be highlighted in this respect. †¢ The company has not been able to create brand loyalty and brand awareness in spite of good quality products and effective marketing strategy. This could be attributed to low brand visibility. This can be remedied with aggressive market campaigns that aim at the younger generation since this is the biggest consumer segment for the fast food industry. Strategies that aim for deeper market penetration, fun logo that people can relate to enjoyable food and moments are essential for brand positioning. â€Å"Fun logo† is a concept that the consumers can equate with good times. The simple logo of McDonald’s is easily identifiable and children and youngsters can spot it from a distance – this is one of the best examples of effective brand positioning. †¢ The other concept that the Back Yard Burgers can adopt is the use of bright color-coding for their outlets and the signboards. A bright color scheme attracts the younger generation and gives it an inviting look. The uniformity in look and feel of the franchisee restaurants and the other company-operated restaurant is essential to make an easily identifiable picture in the consumer minds. †¢ In running a successful brand promotion campaign the essential point is to identify the consumer segment. Who are the consumers and the target focus group for this chain of restaurants? The children and adolescents who form a major chunk of the consumer group typically favour the fast food industry. The working people segment is another segment that will stop by for fast and filling food in their office hours. Fast service food is ideal meal for this segment. Campaigns attracting these two segments will create brand awareness and spell higher revenues for the company. †¢ Last but not the least the quality of food and service efficiency is the crux of the fast food industry. A good and satisfying meal will have the consumers returning for more. The satisfied and happy customer will not only promote brand loyalty but will have high recommendations regarding the food and service to their friends and families. This is the greatest form of publicity that a fast food outlet can expect.